Diversity Action Plan free essay sample

Inside each culture, exists subcultures. These gatherings are individuals whose natural legacy is from elsewhere, however they were brought up among the individuals of their way of life in another land. FedEx considers this to be a favorable position, in light of the fact that their clients are from various foundations and they need to show this in their workforce. Since this is an overall association, and they have conveyances that mirror this, they need to ensure that each site mirrors the social assorted variety of the association. Decent variety Groups At FedEx, the pledge to assorted variety goes a long ways past unimportant words. The organization places their qualities enthusiastically consistently, supporting gatherings whose projects advantage the representatives and providers of FedEx, alongside the networks served. Proclivity Groups The motivation behind these gatherings is to advance social mindfulness, instruction, and data with respect to these societies at FedEx to guarantee consideration all things considered. Each system bunch works as a different element, includes an executive and other gathering official situations varying, and meets month to month and supporters/co-supports at any rate one corporate decent variety discussion with CCA annually(FedEx Diversity Plan, 2007). We will compose a custom exposition test on Decent variety Action Plan or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This data is available to all workers through the company’s intranet. Notwithstanding the liking gatherings and gatherings, FedEx initiative imparts the significance of decent variety data by means of messages, the company’s site, and a quarterly assorted variety pamphlet. These gatherings include: The Asian Network Group The African-American Network Group The Hispanic Network Group The Women’s Network Group FedEx Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT), and Friends Network Opportunities Perceptions of life may require a little exertion. Be that as it may, perhaps the most ideal approaches to advance an ealthy regard for various assessments in the workplace and create new thoughts. Assorted variety can make the two issues and openings. Potential issues incorporate an absence of comprehension of entomb individual abilities. Initiative and directors being distant and unpracticed and lacking of thankfulness for contrast in societies. Decent variety in a gathering of individuals alludes to contrasts in their segment qualities, social characters and ethnicity, and preparing and mastery. Assorted variety prompts better execution in light of the fact that differing points of view will include an innovative edge (Hamilton, Nickerson. Owan, 2004).

Animal Shelter Solutions Essay Example For Students

Creature Shelter Solutions Essay Database Design Supplemental Project Book Instructor Version Oracle Academy Database Design I Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights saved. Substance INTRODUCTION IV How to Use this Project Book iv Project Difficulty iv PROJECT 1: DJS ON DEMAND 1. 1. Presentation 1. 2. Contextual analysis 1. 3. Steps, Exercises, and Examples 3 1. 4. Arrangements 9 PROJECT 2: GLOBAL FAST FOODS 15 2. 1. Presentation 15 2. 2. Contextual analysis 16 2. 3. Steps, Exercises, and Examples 17 2. 4. Arrangements 23 PROJECT 3: ANIMAL SHELTER 31 3. 1. Presentation 31 3. 2. Contextual analysis 32 3. 3. Steps, Exercises and Examples 32 3. 4. Arrangements 36 PROJECT 4: NATURAL SCIENCE LAB 1 4. 1. Presentation 41 4. 2. Contextual analysis 42 4. 3. Steps, Exercises and Examples 42 4. 4. Arrangements 46 Oracle Academy Database Design ii Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights held. Venture 5: RECYCLING CENTER 50 5. 1. Presentation 50 5. 2. Contextual investigation 51 5. 3. Steps, Exercises and Examples 52 5. 4. Arra ngements 56 Oracle Academy Database Design iii Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights saved. Presentation This Supplemental Project Book contains an assortment of activities intended to permit understudies to apply the ideas portrayed in the Database Design segment of the â€Å"Database Design and Programming with SQL† course. It incorporates five tasks, each involving a presentation, contextual analysis portraying the venture points of interest, and steps to be followed during usage, activities, and models. Undertakings might be finished pair with the fruition of comparing exercises for the span of the course. The objective of the tasks is to make an introduction of a substance relationship graph dependent on the information gained during the means of the venture. The most effective method to Use this Project Book The activities might be utilized at different phases of the course to permit understudies the chance to incorporate what they are realizing during the educational plan. Each task Introduction indicates around when the activities might be generally appropriate during the educational program and roughly the length for the ventures. The Case Study segment of the undertaking book contains all supporting data identified with the DJs on Demand and Global Fast Foods ventures. A similar area offers help inquiries for the staying three meeting based activities, which are further developed. This segment incorporates the auxiliary business manages, a couple of procedural business rules and different models referencing ideas depicted in the Database Design course. This data will be useful while finishing the activities of the venture. The training Steps permit understudies to apply their comprehension of substances and their properties, perceive various connections between elements, increment their comprehension of business ideas, (for example, CRUD investigation and checking information honesty) lastly improve their introduction aptitudes. Each progression is intended for finishing toward the finish of a particular exercise in the course. Undertaking Difficulty The activities are positioned from 1 to 5, 5 being the most troublesome, to assist instructors with deciding the best project(s) to use for their understudies. The DJs on Demand venture is appraised 2 and gives a lot of direction. This undertaking is prescribed to fortify the ideas understudies are simply learning. Numerous models are given in the educational program. The Global Fast Foods venture is appraised 2. 5 and gives a lot of direction. This undertaking is prescribed to fortify the ideas understudies are simply learning on bends, standardization, and many-to-numerous connections. Prophet Academy Database Design iv Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights saved. The Animal Shelter venture is appraised 3. what's more, gives some direction while empowering practice of meeting abilities with the educator, online research, and exact and inventive information displaying. The Natural Science Lab venture is appraised 4 and gives insignificant direction while empowering practice of talking abilities with a science instructor and exact and innovative information demonstrating. The Recycling Center task is evaluated 4 and gives negligible direc tion while empowering practice of talking aptitudes with an outside individual, and precise and innovative information displaying. Prophet Academy Database Design v Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights saved. DJs on Demand Project 1: 1. 1. DJs on Demand Introduction Difficulty Scale: 2 The DJs on Demand venture depicts the business situation for a circle racer music administration. Task Use: Apply The venture expresses the business rules to be fundamental ideas of considered before structuring a database model. No database demonstrating interviews are required for this undertaking. The objective of Application: Start this venture is to guarantee that all understudies have the task following Section same data before setting up the last 2 Lesson 2. introduction and making the ERD. Most different rojects contained in the Project Book will expect understudies to take a shot at their talking aptitudes †since the objective of every database displaying venture is to fulfill the clients’ needs. Task achievement is exhibited with fruitful meetings, imaginative arrangement creation, and a successful introduction. Since this is an early on venture, the majority of the s ubstances and connections in the ERD for the DJs on Demand venture are introduced as models in the Database Design exercises of the course. The errands plot in the practices and models center around issue acknowledgment and techniques for improving the model introduced. This venture is finished when understudies have completely fused the last ERD into the introduction conveyed to their teacher. The DJs on Demand task can be a helpful apparatus for applying the fundamental ideas of the Database Design course. The exercises rehearses that reference this undertaking are: †¢ Section 2 Lesson 2 Section 3 Lessons 1 and 2 Section 4 Lesson 2 Section 5 Lessons 3, 4 Section 7 Lessons 1 and 2 Section 15 Lessons 4 and 5 Note: If exercises are skipped, understudies will be unable to effectively finish the relating practice step, or any later strides in the venture. On a size of 1-5, the trouble rank for this venture is 2. It is suggested that educators show this venture first as it assists understudies with hardening their comprehension of the essential ideas of information displaying. The last ERD can be found in the Solutions area of this undertaking. 1. 2. Contextual analysis Read the total situation for the DJ business beneath. Prophet Academy Database Design 1 Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights saved. DJs on Demand â€Å"We began as a gathering of companions who sorted out gatherings and tweaked our own music. At that point we thought we’d transform it into a business to seek after our inclinations and gain some cash. We considered ourselves the â€Å"DJs on Demand. â€Å"Everyone who works here is an accomplice. Each accomplice has a particular duty. The task director reaches the customer to examine the occasion. Is it a birthday celebration, a wedding, a commemoration, a graduation? What is the date for the gathering or occasion? â€Å"Once that’s chose, the occasion organizer connects with the customer about explicit areas, providing food, enrichments, and other explicit subtleties. The DJ chats with the customer about the sort of music needed. The task administrator manages the occasion organizers and DJs. He/she likewise approves uses identified with an undertaking. â€Å"We have an enormous assortment of CDs. Every CD contains a few tunes, and a similar melody can show up on a few CDs. We like to order every melody by type (hip jump, salsa, RB (musicality and blues), techno, polka, rock, jazz, new age, old style, and so forth ) â€Å"We can propose an underlying rundown of tunes to the customer relying upon the occasion. Obviously, a customer can demand different melodies too. â€Å"Our customer list is developing. We have a ton of rehash business †clients who like what we’ve done and request that we work their different occasions. We have some exceptionally bustling clients who can have more than one occasion going on simultaneously. â€Å"We additionally have a rundown of subjects that we can use to order these occasions. For instance: a wedding may have a tropical subject, a gathering may have a jamboree topic, a commemoration could have a sixties topic, and so on. This encourages us pick a setting and furthermore gives us a thought of what the DJ (and different performers) should wear. A few accomplices have a forte or ability †so a topic can likewise assist us with allocating the perfect individual to the activity. â€Å"Events are held either in an open space or a private home. The occasion administrator visits both and makes game plans with the open space tenant or the private-property holder. â€Å"Since a few accomplices can take a shot at an occasion, and an occasion can be allocated to a few accomplices, we like to monitor who is taking a shot at which occasion. We keep a log of what every occasion organizer and DJ has done on an occasion, and when they did it. † Below is the business situation portraying connections. â€Å"We like to group all our music †every melody or soundtrack †by type. The various kinds are rock, jazz, nation, old style, pop, new age, and so forth. We can include new sorts as the need emerges †in reality we as of late included another sort for rap music. We understand that a tune can truly be grouped under more than one sort, yet for our motivations we select just a single fundamental arrangement type for every melody. † Oracle Academy Database Design 2 Copyright  © 2009, Oracle. All rights saved. DJs on Demand DJs on Demand customers, occasions, and subjects are recorded beneath. â€Å"Our customer list is developing. We have a great deal of rehash business †clients who like what we’ve done who approach us to work for them once more. We have some extremely bustling clients who can have more than one occasion going on simultaneously! Each accomplice has some claim to fame or skill †so when it’s proper, we like to group our occasions by topic to help us ass

Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Extraordinary Gatsby Essay In the start of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Nick doesn’t care a lot for Gatsby, however later Nick starts to like Gatsby, and by the end, Nick and Gatsby become closest companions. It is kind of unusual how their relationship creates, and the explanation it creates. Scratch and Gatsby appear to be two entirely unexpected individuals, yet I surmise opposites are inclined toward one another. In the start of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Nick doesn’t care a lot for Gatsby. Scratch imagines that Gatsby is somewhat odd, and secretive. For instance, on page 20, Nick says â€Å"he gave an abrupt implication that he was substance to be alone†. That is somewhat abnormal supposing that he needed to be separated from everyone else, for what reason does he toss enormous gatherings. Additionally Gatsby was simply remaining there with his arm expanded taking a gander at a light, if that isn’t peculiar than what is. This one experience doesn't drive Nick away from becoming more acquainted with Gatsby. Later in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Nick starts to like Gatsby. Later on when Nick meets Gatsby at a gathering he portrays his grin. The manner in which Nick depicted it was not typical he said â€Å"It was one of those uncommon grins with a nature of everlasting consolation in it, that you may run over four or multiple times throughout everyday life. †(48) You don’t depict a grin that way except if you like that individual, he could have recently said he had a pleasant grin. After that Gatsby and Nick gabbed more and hung out significantly increasingly after that party, I surmise you could state this was the start of a lovely kinship. Before the finish of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Nick and Gatsby turned out to be closest companions. Towards the end Nick and Gatsby were in every case together. They went to lunch together, rode in Gatsby’s hydroplane together, and went to the city together. Scratch enjoyed Gatsby so much he said â€Å"They’re a spoiled crowd,† I yelled over the yard. â€Å"You’re worth the entire damn pack set up. †(154) Nick likewise reveals to Gatsby’s father that â€Å"We were dear companions. † (168) after Gatsby had kicked the bucket. At Gatsby’s burial service nobody was their however Nick this demonstrated Gatsby had no different companions aside from Nick. Despite the fact that Nick doesn’t appear to like Gatsby toward the starting both of them end up as closest companions. Considerably after Gatsby deceives Nick and afterward admits reality Nick was still companions with Gatsby.

Finding Americanah Essay Topics

Finding Americanah Essay Topics To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to somebody else. Therefore, you've got to locate enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. One other important element when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that could provoke your audience a little. If you can select the problem by yourself, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! You don't need to puzzle over an issue. There's a remarkable solution to your issue! Now, convince the people that there's an issue. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to create the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your selection. You may trust us to present expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. In any case, the shortage of suitable grammar makes the listeners get rid of respect to the speaker. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. The value of research in persuasive writing may not be overstated. The reality is that professors are bored with reading the very same stuff over and over again. In such a circumstance, a student must select a proper topic to write about. Facts, in the long run, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Things will occur if you continue to reside. Since you can see, lots of the topics listed are new and deal with the present issues happening in the World today. So, the best method to compose an amazing persuasive essay is to discover a theme you're familiarized with and wish to share your experience with the reader. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. You still have to make an outstanding bit of writing. To defend your subject, you might recall the effect of overloaded schedule on college grades. If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a standard face-to-face course. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Here's What I Know About Americanah Essay Topics Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's vital to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. Keep in mind, persuasive essay topics don't need to be politically correct all the moment, they may be controversial. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Before actually beginning to compose your essay, you have to select an issue to write about. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Still, you must make your topic more specific. Qualities of a great persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. Having selected a great topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. Anyway, below, you will find topic that are ideal for both situations. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. Needless to say, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best.

Lowering The Drinking Legal Age - 872 Words

Around the world, each country has its limit age that allows people to drink Alcoholic beverage. In the United States of America, most people are able to drink and purchase alcohol at the legal age of twenty-one. Unlike the United States, most countries around the world allow their citizen to drink alcohol under the age of 21. Many American wants the U.S. government to minimize the drinking legal (MLDA) from 21 to 18 so they will be similar to other countries around the world that allowed people to drink at the age of 18. David Justin Hanson, who is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the State University of New York in Potsdam, has stated in his argument that the US government should decrease the drinking legal age (MLDA) to 18. In addition, people and especially teenagers need to be more educated, so the U.S. may lower the drinking legal to 18 in the all fifty states. David J. Hanson supports the idea of lower the legal drinking age in the United States. He thinks that if the teenag er can do anything, they should drink alcohol. Hanson shows an important argue, â€Å"If I’m old enough to go to war, I should be old enough to drink† (par.2). That is true when someone is eighteen they are the adult and they can do a lot of things that they want like voting for president, going to war, and getting marriage. Being able to do all these does not mean that teenager can drink alcoholic beverages. Because they may have many physical and mental health problems like damage to theShow MoreRelatedLowering The Legal Drinking Age903 Words   |  4 Pageshelp myself get a better understanding about how others feel about lowering the legal drinking age in the United States and to better understand what role alcohol plays in people’s lives. The first question I asked for in my survey, was what the participant’s age was. I used this question to see if there was a difference on how different generations felt towards lowering the legal drinking age. I w as expecting more people over the age of 25 to take the quiz because I didn’t know if younger adults wouldRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age857 Words   |  4 PagesAs we know, the United States has the highest drinking age in the world. By 1988 the entire U.S had adopted the Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act, which set the drinking age to twenty-one. However, in 1920 the United States banned the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcohol. This era known as the Prohibition sparked the popularity of hidden underground bars and events. The Prohibition Era is a prime example of how people did anything to intake alcohol and eventually this ledRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe concerns about safety involving alcohol, including alcohol-related fatalities, â€Å"binge drinking†, and long-term health effects, will not be compromised by lowering the legal drinking age to nineteen in the United States. Activists wh o wish to raise the legal minimum age frequently discuss the ways that driving while intoxicated endangers countless lives every day in the United States, and is an increasing problem in model Europe as well. However, drunk driving increases will secrecy, not withRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age1933 Words   |  8 PagesLowering of the Legal Drinking Age Research Paper Adults under 21 are able to vote, sign contracts, serve on juries, and enlist in the military, but are told that they are not mature enough to have a beer?, said Ruth C. Engs, a professor of Applied Health Sciences at Indiana University (Engs). No matter what is done, teenagers and young adults all over America are going to drink if they want to. The question is, why can t they start legally drinking when they enter adulthood? An alternative toRead MoreLowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesBeer For Everyone! The debate of lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has been going on for decades in the United States. Those opposed, argue that the current MLDA is not efficient and counterproductive (Engs 1). One study indicated that thousands of lives under the age of twenty-one are lost each year to alcohol (McCardell 1). Underage drinking is an issue that persists, despite evidence suggesting that the minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one has lowered alcohol usage among individualRead MoreAlcohol: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age1900 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Karita Lockwood Professor O’Quinn COM 323 October 29, 2012 Introduction Alcohol is a drink that is made from corn, barley or a beverage containing ethyl. There is currently an ongoing debate as to if the legal age limit for alcohol consumption should be lowered. Despite the dangers, everyday in the United States more than 13,000 children and teens consume alcohol. The age range between eleven and eighteen is the most influential period when youthsRead MoreLowering Legal Drinking Age Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Half the United States population starts drinking at the age of 14.When you are 18 you have privileges like joining the army. (Mitch Adams Lowering the drinking age page 1) You can go to war and die for your country but you still can not enjoy an ice cold beer. (Mitch Adams Lowering the drinking age page 1) How is being 21 different from being 18? How does three more years of not drinking make you mature enough to drink? The longer you drink the more you start toRead MoreEssay on Lowering the Legal Drinking Age2090 Words   |  9 PagesHere in the United States, there is a law that prohibits youth 21 years of age and younger not to drink any alcohol beverages. However, in this country, anyone who turns 18 can sign up and be in the armed forces to protect the country. In the year 2001, war broke out between the Middle East and the United States and thousands of men and women were deployed to the Middle East to deal with the problem. While they were over there, the soldiers wou ld witness many things that civilians could neverRead More Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead MoreFavors for and Against Lowering the Legal Drinking Age771 Words   |  4 PagesFactors In Favor of and Against Khimley Young Critical Thinking and Problem Solving/ Hum 200 AOS Instructor Dr. Steven Mathews October 24, 2012 Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18: Yea or Nay Argument in Favor of Lowering the Legal Drinking Age The age of 18 is a transitional point in life. An 18-year=old can vote, marry, enlist in the military and buy cigarettes. To some it’s absurd that an 18-year-old can vote politicians into office and fight wars for the country but cannot

Measuring Measure Of Implicit Attitudes - 1165 Words

MEASURING ATTITUDES - Implicit association test – measure of implicit attitudes - All measures of sampling verbal behaviour Social psychologists employ a variety of different measures in attempt to measure attitudes, which cannot be directly measured due to their hypothetical and unobservable nature. However, they are often inferable from behaviour. For example, a negative attitude towards smoking might be reflected in moving away from someone who lights up in your vicinity (behaviour). Attitudes measures can be explicit (i.e. participant is asked directly about their attitude towards an object – e.g. opinion poll), or implicit (i.e. measure wherein participants sub-conscious attitudes are assessed without their knowledge – e.g†¦) (Haddock and Maio, 2008). Questionnaires are the most common measure of attitudes, utilising one of four types of attitude measurement scales. For example, Louis L. Thurstone (1887-1955) devised his equal interval scale in his 1928 work, ‘Attitudes can be measured’, based on results obtained from a study on religious attitudes, ranging from extremely positive to extremely negative (Thurstone and Chave, 1929). However, constructing such a scale is a complicated and time-consuming process. Items on the scale are assumed to have equal intervals (i.e. items are divided into groups containing an equal range of numbers) between them, with each representing a pre-assigned value (e.g. Homosexuality is a choice – attached value of 1; Homosexuality isShow MoreRelatedRacism And Racism Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesforeigners in modern-day Germany becoming victims of human rights abuses such as beatings, verbal abuse, etc. by Neo-Nazis and teenage skinheads. To simply just observing another person wearing a t-shirt of a rival football could still instill negative attitudes towards that particular person, even if t here was zero social interaction to provide a justifiable impression. This leads to the focus of this essay. The insidious, non-conscious, irrational automatic bias and how it can affect our thought processesRead MoreA Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Weight Bias Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Implicit and Explicit Measures of Weight Bias Renee Szostak Abstract In the present study, the results of the fat-thin Implicit Association Test (IAT) were compared with the results of explicit surveys in ten Indiana University undergraduates. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant correlation between subjects results on the IAT and their responses in the explicit survey. Our survey was designed to measure the same bias that the IAT was measuring. We hypothesizedRead MoreEducation Plan For Grade Implicit Attitudes And Bias1514 Words   |  7 PagesGrade Implicit Attitudes and Bias What applications can be used to identify and address the hidden impulses of racial bias? Implicit attitudes develop early within every culture, where race is categorized by age 5 (Hirschfeld, 1996, 2001). While reviewing the developmental process of implicit attitudes in youth when introduced to social groups, it helps researchers understand their significance on an individual’s emotional decision making skills. The level of implicit and explicit attitude is alsoRead MoreHow Do Implicit Attitudes Influence How We Respond to Other?1252 Words   |  6 PagesHow do implicit attitudes influence how we respond to Other? Individuals’ mechanical systems for evaluating the world developed over the course of evolutionary history. Such mental operations provide tools for understanding the circumstances, assessing the important concepts, and heartening behavior without having to think or actually thinking at all. These automated preferences are called implicit attitudes. â€Å"Implicit attitude is defined as unacknowledged attitudes external to a person’s awarenessRead MoreImplicit And Explicit Behavior : An Evaluation And Procedures For Future Studies1593 Words   |  7 Pages The research is based on ‘Implicit Social In-Group Bias.’ This research regards the work of Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., Schwartz, J. K. L. It was predicted that, there’d be a faster reaction time in the young and positive condition then the young and negative condition. 248 participants were used. The administration of IAT (Implicit Association Test) helped assess the distinction of the individual’s characteristics, associating ‘Young’ and ‘Positive’ to measure the cognitive process. TheRead MoreEmployment Discrimination And Its Significance1190 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants have very little success in obtaining skilled-based employment. Prejudice attitude of recruiters or employers may overlap with the social identity theory that asserts that immigrants are seen as cultural threat because they are not distinctly assimilated into the host country (Harrell et al., 2012). Thus, this essay assesses measures of employment disc rimination and its significance in Canada. Measuring employment discrimination using resume testing: Discrimination in callback differencesRead MoreA Viewpoint On Racialized Differences, Discrimination, And Discrimination1182 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants have very little success in obtaining skilled-based employment. Prejudice attitude of recruiters or employers may overlap with the social identity theory that asserts that immigrants are seen as cultural threat because they are not distinctly assimilated into the host country (Harrell et al., 2012). Thus, this essay assesses measures of employment discrimination and its significance in Canada. Measuring employment discrimination using resume testing: Discrimination in callback differencesRead MoreMental Disabilities And Its Effects On People With Disabilities Act And Section 504 Of The Rehabilitation Act Of 1793986 Words   |  4 PagesChan, 2006). The U.S. Census Bureau identified about 35 million individuals in the United States live with a stark intellectual, emotional, or bodily disability in 2005. Attitudes concerning disabilities, physical, intellectual, or emotional, rest on a number of influences (Parish, Dyck, Kappes, 1979). One influence of attitudes are the stereotypes linked with particular incapacity. The People with a disability (PWD) often are seen as having an absence of power, a deficiency of stamina, feeblenessRead MoreCultural Pluralism Course At The Harvard Implicit Association Test ( Iat )828 Words   |  4 PagesThe first assignment in our Cultural Pluralism course was to take part in several individual studies as part of the Harvard Implicit Association Test (IAT). Each of the studies measures a person’s attitudes and beliefs that they may not be willing or unable to express and to write about our experience. For some individuals, taking these types of tests would be possibly a little unsettling. As for myself, I was very sure that I had a strong understanding of who I am and what I believe, so I thoughtRead MoreImplicit Associations Test1011 Words   |  5 PagesGrace Dzilenski Society and the Individual March 27, 2011 It was with some trepidation that I awaited my score for the Presidential Implicit Association Test (IAT). Was it possible that I am subconsciously racist? Despite the fact that I genuinely don’t look at Barack Obama any differently because he is black; the nature of this test forces your mind and body to work so quickly in synch that it forces a high level of veracity. Luckily in both of my IAT results my subconscious did not betray

Sustainable Approaches of Wildlife Tourism

Quetion: Discuss about the Sustainable Approaches of Wildlife Tourism. Answer: Introduction A literature review is defined as the piece of work that includes information regarding the current topic and knowledge of the research topic. Usually a literature review contains methodological and theoretical contributions related to the particular topic. The topic selected for this study is Investigating the Challenges, Opportunities and Sustainability of Wildlife Tourism in Australia. The literature review is based on the secondary sources. The data will be collected from the credible articles and scholarly journals from different authors. In a dissertation, literature review of the topic is compulsory; otherwise, the process of data analysis will be incomplete. The topic related to wildlife includes many scopes of wildlife such as challenges, opportunities and sustainability of the wildlife of Australia. Wildlife of Australia is considered as the significant factor while determining the decision-making factors of the government related to the international visitors. Apart from t hat, Wildlife of Australia has a significant impact on the economy of the country in the field of international tourism. The literature review will describe the research findings of different authors regarding the main areas of wildlife in Australia such as economic values, interaction experience, host communities and impacts and management of wildlife. Sustainability of Australian Wildlife Tourism As per Ham and Weiler (2012) sustainable wildlife tourism is important to the country as it shapes the quality and nature of the experiences of the tourist. It is responsible for building a potential influence in the actions and beliefs towards the wildlife of Australia. However, it can be said that the tourists are interested in interacting with the wildlife in a different ways such as free-roaming and in a captive way. It can be physical touching or can be petting zoo in the field of long distance observation (Chusakul et al. 2016). However, the authority records each of the experience in order to formulate sustainable strategies for the development of the experience of the tourists in the tourism. The international visitors of the country felt an emotional and intellectual connection with the wildlife tourism. Ballantyne et al. (2013) illustrates that experiences of wildlife tourism is responsible for creation of a positive impact on the awareness, actions and appreciation of the tourists in relation to the particular wildlife the tourists are encountering while the environment is general. Authors have focused on the different attributes of tourists while maintaining the sustainability of the tourism aspects. The attributes are motivation and pre-visit environmental orientation. It leads to long term and short-term behavioural and environmental change outcomes. According to Ballantyne et al. (2014), there is a relation between wildlife tourism and securing habitat and the conservation of the wildlife. The authorities of preservation of wildlife sometimes put emphasis on the preservation of the wildlife instead of the interests of the tourists in those areas. The managers of those wildlife areas are responsible for conservation and protection of the animals and their habitats. The article focuses on the total number of inbound tourists as well as international tourists. They are much aware of the impact of the environment on the life of the animals and maintaining their habitat. Allen et al. (2015) stated that the experiences of the tourists are important in order to determine the demand of the development of wildlife tourism in Australia. Apart from that, the government of the country finds immense opportunities in developing sustainability for the long-term aspect. The tourists in these destinations are very captive and are seeks to visit more places and attractions. There are many issues faced by the maintenance departments of Australian forest departments in order to maintain the sanctuaries in a proper manner (Ayalew 2016). The different experiences and responses of the visitors regarding the management of the sanctuaries are important in developing policies that attracts more tourists in Australia. It can be done by interacting with the international tourists regarding the expectations of them in Australian wildlife tourism. From the above analysis, it has been found that it can be said that the behaviour of the environment and the tourists are important point of consideration in formulation of sustainable initiatives in the development of wildlife tourism. Apart from that, the experiences of the tourists are the main point of consideration to the authorities maintaining the different strategies of development of the wildlife habitats and areas of tourism. It can also be said that the management practices to some extent put emphasis on the interests of the tourists. The wildlife tourism ventures of the country are responsible for development of the different tourist spots related to the wildlife areas. Opportunities of Australian wildlife tourism Packer et al. (2014) have suggested that there are many opportunities in the development of Australian wildlife tourism when compared to tourism of other countries. Wildlife tourism of Australia has become popular where tourists and tourists operators are busy in providing an opportunity with the close interaction of the customers with the wildlife. It can be said that these activities are responsible for creating a positive impact on the wildlife tourism of the country. It is seen that a long term and deliberate provision of food to the wildlife are proven to change the behavioural patterns of the wildlife and the population. It is the strong point of the article. The weakness of the article is that it only focuses on the feeding aspect prominently rather than other opportunities of supporting the tourism. In this article Monz et al. (2013) stated that the Chinese wildlife tourism and Australian wildlife tourism have many similarities and differences. The attitudes of the tourists of both the countries are taken on order to develop strategies of the development of Australian wildlife tourism. It can be said that the Chinese wildlife tourism faces different aspects of environmental degradation (Tsegaw 2016). The attitudes and perceptions of the Chinese tourists towards the nature are influenced more by the cultural values, traditions, philosophical and religious beliefs. According to Cong et al. (2014), recreation ecology has recent advancements in wildlife tourism that is responsible for creating a relationship between ecological impact and recreational use. The concept of recreation ecology is defined as the study that deals with the environmental consequences of different nature based tourism activities or any types of outdoor reaction with their effective management. It is an evolving field having global importance. The research has illustrated the fact that there is a relation between the ecological impacts and different recreational use (Wong 2015). It has many weaknesses, as the concept is not so popular in the real life world. As stated by Hegglin et al. (2015), inclusion of endangered species in the wildlife tourism of Australia is responsible for the improved satisfaction of the visitors from other countries. It is found that tourists both from domestic and international destinations are found to interact with the species present in the wil dlife tourist destinations. Therefore, it can be said that the tourism of the country is found to be growing its demands in terms of interaction with the endangered species. The strengths of the article is that the author focuses on utilising the opportunity of developing Australian wildlife tourism. Weaknesses of the concept are that it has not mentioned the ways of taking feedback from the visitors of the place. It has also been observed that Chinese tourists in Australia are fond of visiting natural landscapes. Government should develop the areas based on the preferences of the visitors. The weakness of the article lies in the fact that it only focuses on the Chinese tourists not on the other categories of tourists. Challenges of Australian wildlife tourism As per the McAlpine et al. (2015), the conservation of the wildlife is considered as challenging task for the authorities of the country. It is seen that the public attention goes to the areas where the maintenance is not up to the mark. It is responsible for creating a negative impact on the minds of the visitors of the Australian wildlife areas. Apart from that, the species present in those areas also finds many challenges for their survival. They are also threatened, as many of the species are not from the Australian origin. Strengths and weaknesses are related to the extinction of the flora and fauna as well as the endangered species. Techera and Klein (2013) stated that since from the last decades it is seen that the wildlife tourism of Australia has witnessed many challenges in the biological conservation of the areas along with the different types of species present in it. Development is seen in the different aspects of marine tourism. It includes shark eco tourism. In some areas, it can be said that the weakness of the article lies in the regulatory frameworks of the government of Australia. According to Muter et al. (2013), government of Australia is facing challenges in the protection and conservation of the species as well as the flora and fauna. The article illustrates that the marine species are in the verge of extinction. Research has portrayed that there is abundance in the decline of the marine species that are not only destroying the aspects of wildlife tourism but also it destroys the ecosystem. However, these issues have created an impact on the Australian government while passing many regulatory frameworks. For instance, sharks are the species that are facing many vulnerable threats from different types of activities done by humans as well as the global warming impact (Eshetu 2014). The strengths lies in finding ways while mitigating the identified challenges in the wildlife areas. As stated by Pearce and Moscard (2015), social representation of the species present in the areas of wildlife tourism are responsible for creating new forms of challenges in the pe rspective of sustainable tourism. Many incidents are published in the media that tourists are taking selfies with the different types of species of the marine creatures. These activities of the tourists are violating the norms of the tourist spots. It can be easily concluded that Geographical variations are responsible for the extinction of the different types of endangered species. Australian tourism has many legal frameworks that are also creating many obstacles in formulating strategies related to the biological conservation of the different wildlife sanctuaries. Again, it has to be mentioned that Regulations are framed in order to protect the spot from the harmful activities of the visitors. It is the duty of the authorities of the department of the tourism to conserve the flora and fauna along with other species who are responsible for the tourism of the country. Sustainable approaches of the Australian wildlife tourism Bentz et al. (2016) has illustrated that the satisfaction of the customers is the main aspect related to the sustainable management of the Australian wildlife tourism. Satisfied visitors will help in bringing more visitors to the tourist spots. It will help in word of mouth promotion of the tourist place. In this article, author has pointed out that if marine wildlife tourist destinations keep whales, then more tourists will gather in the place. According to Cowling et al. (2014), different types of tourists are attracted to the wildlife tourists. As per the Dimmock and Musa (2015), scuba diving activity in the system of tourism is considered as the appropriate framework for the sustainability efforts and different management activities. This type of tourism system is known as (SDTS) scuba diving tourism system. There are different types of activities that are related to these types of tourism such as marine environment, scuba drivers, scuba diving tourism and host community. There is a need of adaptive management in these tourism activities (Ramukumba et al. 2012). Strengths of the article are implementation of new methods and approaches of attracting more tourists to it. Weakness of the article is that it only focuses on a single aspect i.e. scuba diving in developing strategies of tourist attraction. As stated by Fletcher et al. (2016) indigenous attractions, tourism products, and activities are responsible for offering a cutting edge difference in the tourist destinations of Australia. Sustainable approaches are proven to increase the experience of the visitors in the wildlife tourism of Australia. It can be concluded that among the all marketing activities adopted by the department of tourism in Australia, word of mouth promotion is the most effective one that are responsible for attracting more customers to the place. Wildlife areas of Australia are the opportunities that are responsible for improving the economic condition of the country. Continuous efforts of government in terms of implementing different types of events in the areas of interest help in increasing rush of the tourists. From the other articles, it has been observed that the cultural aesthetics is a vital aspect that is responsible for building strategies of sustainable development. It is seen that a considerable attention is attracted by the indigenous cultures in the field of tourism in the recent years. Both the international tourists and domestic tourists are positively impacted by the element of indigenousness in the process of sustainability. Conclusion The study contains the literature review of the sustainability, opportunity and challenges of the wildlife tourism of Australia. The tourism of Australia is responsible for creating an impact on the economy of the country. The wildlife tourism consists of marine tourism that is also responsible for attracting many international and domestic tourists to the places. Different authors have different views related to the aspect of development of policies and strategies in the sustainable development of tourism. Apart from that, the aspect of conservation is important in order to save the fauna, flora and the natural habitat of the animals that are existing in the forests of Australia. It has also created a positive impact on the development of initiatives that are related to the development of ecosystem in the earth. References Allen, B.L., Higginbottom, K., Bracks, J.H., Davies, N. and Baxter, G.S., 2015. Balancing dingo conservation with human safety on Fraser Island: the numerical and demographic effects of humane destruction of dingoes.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management,22(2), pp.197-215. Ayalew, M. T. 2016. The role of media in tourism promotion: A case study in Ethiopia. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 7(5), 50-56. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. and Falk, J., 2013. Visitors learning for environmental sustainability: Testing short-and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modelling.Tourism Management,32(6), pp.1243-1252. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. and Hughes, K., 2014. Tourists' support for conservation messages and sustainable management practices in wildlife tourism experiences.Tourism Management,30(5), pp.658-664. Bentz, J., Lopes, F., Calado, H. and Dearden, P., 2016. Enhancing satisfaction and sustainable management: Whale watching in the Azores.Tourism Management,54, pp.465-476. Chusakul, W., Kovathanakul, D., and Esichaikul, D. B. A. R. 2016. Exploring non-governmental organisations (NGOs) management in the authenticity of volunteer tourism: Evidence from the Northeastern Region of Thailand. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 7(6), 57-64. Cong, L., Wu, B., Morrison, A.M., Shu, H. and Wang, M., 2014. Analysis of wildlife tourism experiences with endangered species: An exploratory study of encounters with giant pandas in Chengdu, China.Tourism Management,40, pp.300-310. Cowling, M., Kirkwood, R., Boren, L.J. and Scarpaci, C., 2014. The effects of seal-swim activities on the New Zealand fur seal (Arctophoca australis forsteri) in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, and recommendations for a sustainable tourism industry.Marine Policy,45, pp.39-44. Dimmock, K. and Musa, G., 2015. Scuba Diving Tourism System: A framework for collaborative management and sustainability.Marine Policy,54, pp.52-58. Fletcher, C., Pforr, C. and Brueckner, M., 2016. Factors influencing Indigenous engagement in tourism development: an international perspective.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp.1-21. Ham, S.H. and Weiler, B., 2012. Interpretation as the centerpiece of sustainable wildlife tourism.Sustainable Tourism. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp.35-44. Hegglin, D., Bontadina, F. and Deplazes, P., 2015. Humanwildlife interactions and zoonotic transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis.Trends in parasitology,31(5), pp.167-173. McAlpine, C., Lunney, D., Melzer, A., Menkhorst, P., Phillips, S., Phalen, D., Ellis, W., Foley, W., Baxter, G., de Villiers, D. and Kavanagh, R., 2015. Conserving koalas: a review of the contrasting regional trends, outlooks and policy challenges.Biological Conservation,192, pp.226-236. Monz, C.A., Pickering, C.M. and Hadwen, W.L., 2013. Recent advances in recreation ecology and the implications of different relationships between recreation use and ecological impacts.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,11(8), pp.441-446. Muter, B.A., Gore, M.L., Gledhill, K.S., Lamont, C. and Huveneers, C., 2013. Australian and US news media portrayal of sharks and their conservation.Conservation Biology,27(1), pp.187-196. Packer, J., Ballantyne, R. and Hughes, K., 2014. Chinese and Australian tourists' attitudes to nature, animals and environmental issues: Implications for the design of nature-based tourism experiences.Tourism Management,44, pp.101-107. Pearce, J. and Moscardo, G., 2015. Social representations of tourist selfies: new challenges for sustainable tourism. Ramukumba T., Mmbengwa V. M., Mwamayi K. A. and Groenewald J. A.. (2012). Analysis of the socio-economic impacts of tourism for emerging tourism entrepreneurs: The case of George municipality in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 3(3), 39-45. Techera, E.J. and Klein, N., 2013. The role of law in shark-based eco-tourism: lessons from Australia.Marine Policy,39, pp.21-28. Tsegaw, W. E. 2016. Borena Saynt National Park in danger of irreversible loss and community based ecotourism as a panacea. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 7(1), 11-24. Wong, T. C. 2015. Exploring sustainable tourism development in mountainous Guizhou Province, China. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 6(6), 60-70. Ketema, T. D. 2015. Development of community based ecotourism in Wenchi Crater Lake, Ethiopia: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 6(4), 39 - 46. Eshetu, A.A. 2014. Development of community based ecotourism in Borena-Saynt National Park, North central Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 5(1), 1-12.

The Environment, Resources, and Their Economic Effects

Introduction According to Paltseva and Roine (para. 1), natural resources contribute to spending, labor income, and jobs. These resources support numerous jobs and offer employment to the residents of a country. Natural resources and the educated workforce are interconnected and it is of great importance for the state to generate a quality labor force via the attainment of higher education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Environment, Resources, and Their Economic Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the globalization processes started, it was prudent to assume that natural and environmental resources had no competition because resources were in abundance and the economy was using them in an unlimited way. Wealth, jobs, and prosperity were got from these resources via the extractive industries. In turn, the industries converted the resources into commodities. A healthy economy, and a healthy enviro nment could be achieved, but not at the same time. Economic competition was not rife and most of the resources in the environment were free. However, the current scenario predetermines that there is the increased competition for the natural resources that continues to grow. These resources are no longer abundant with the increase in human population that is depleting them. This essay will highlight the economic effects of the environment and the natural resources. The Effect of Resources on the Economy According to Poser (20), natural resources can no longer satisfy the human demands that are placed on them. Therefore, when the resources are allocated to a particular use, other application methods compete with the primary one. It is worth noting that such a trade-off means that the decisions to allocate the resources, like development and protection, generate costs and benefits. They have ramifications for the present and future inhabitants of the nearby communities and the entire r egions. In this paper, it is clear that a natural resource cannot satisfy the demand for the service and goods that it provides. Subsequently, to understand the economic ramifications of the development or protection of the economic resources, one should understand the extent to which it will affect the aforementioned competition.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One should keep in mind that the economic value of the natural resources stems from their commercial demands, which entails their development or extraction. The term extraction refers to activities, industries, and the use of resources associated with the production of timber, grazing, mining, and various activities that electrically, physically, or chemically remove several elements from their sources. The term development can be regarded as occupation of a site by structures set up by human beings. This occurs most ly in the event of urbanization. It also entails intense activities by the human beings such as conversion of open land into commercial and housing buildings, the change of the floral community in the forest, the development of recreational sites for the developing industries, and other aspects. The commercial demand for the resources in the environment comes from the public and private enterprises. This is defined broadly to include the groups that sponsor the development and extractive activities. There are two types of demand for the natural resources. First, there is the identification of a specific development, or extractive use of a piece of land that possesses various characteristics. These characteristics can cover the fact that it uses the resources in a direct manner, it depletes the stocks of a number of resources, and that it has a better position compared to the competitors with regard to economic competitiveness (Sarsby and Meggyes 39). Although the identification of a particular use is purposeful, it is arbitrary. This kind of demand is mostly associated with extractive industries such as forestry, mining, and industrial farming. Generally, only a single commercial industry has benefits from some use of the natural resources. In the public domain and protection of resources, the economic significance of various natural resources use is expressed in terms of incomes and jobs for the local populace and profits for the local firms. In several cases, the aforementioned commercial use manifests as the only way for the local residents to derive incomes, profits, and jobs from the natural resources in the area. It is a common event that the extractive or development uses of land are allowed. This translates to gains for the local economy in terms of profits, incomes, and jobs. However, if there is a restriction of these services, then the land will lack a positive influence on the particular economy (Qazi and Qazi 207).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Environment, Resources, and Their Economic Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Measures of Economic Benefits Assessment of economic benefits is achieved through four measures which include labor, income, employment, and value added. To understand these impacts, the principal idea is that the economic impacts of the resources and other economic activities are widespread after assessing the linkages between the various sectors of the country’s economy. This means that the economic activities related to the environmental resources spread the economic benefits via the multiplier effect. Mining and other businesses related to tourism spend money, hire workers in the economy, and this translates to further income and spending. Hence, in the multiplier effect, the economic activities are directly connected to the resource base of the state and are amplified because their hiring and spending in the econo my creates multiple income layers for numerous sectors (Qazi and Qazi 245). The multiplier is an accepted and practiced technique that is used in the assessment of the ramification of business activities in the region. The basis for the calculation of the economic ramification of the environment and the resources via the multiplier effect is an example of the output-input model. The analysis of the economic impacts entails the calculation of the extent to which environmental activities stimulate economic effects. Based on this assessment, the results from the aforementioned model quantify the effects of the cluster of business activities developed around environmental resources (Hackett 340). Although the output-input analysis requires an advanced training on the economy for full understanding of the economic benefits, the elements may be stated in terms that are straightforward. To arrive at the overall economic impacts, economists have to assess the initial effects of purchases an d payroll. The economic effects mentioned above are referred to as direct. Subsequently, the induced and direct effects emanate from the local purchases and the payroll. The aforementioned effects are assessed through various measures, which include the value added, employment, labor income, and the overall economic impact. Total impact refers to the contribution of the resource to the economic activity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is a measure of the yearly value of services and goods that are associated with business activities, which rely on natural resources. Value added means the general contribution that a resource has towards a country’s economy. Labor income is the contribution that the resource has on salaries and wages. Last, employment is the number of jobs that are associated with the aforementioned economic activities that are tied to the natural resources (Resosudarmo 50). Specific Economic Activities Recreational activities are the ones in which the benefits of the environmental activities can be assessed. Natural resources form the basis for most of the recreational activities in various parts of the world. These resources must be managed and their maintenance should be given the utmost consideration. Hunting, fishing, and wildlife viewing are also activities that are connected to economic impacts. Most regions have departments that ensure the aforementioned activities are catered for based on their economic impacts. Coastal tourism is also an environmental resource that makes immerse economic contribution. Most educated people prefer to reside in areas that have natural resources with high quality. Environmental resources are also sources of amenities, which make working and living in a particular region to be more pleasant (James 35). Unlike the consumer goods that are purchased in specific stores, natural amenities’ consumption is catered for by the federal government or the state. In other locations, regulatory bodies deal with it. Mountains and beaches are environmental resources that help in attraction and retention of the skilled workers in various countries as this is directly connected to economic benefits. Factors for the quality of life are vital factors in the recruitment and retention of the skilled workers and entrepreneurs. The ramification of the natural resources has been confirmed in numerous research studies that tend to look at the inv estors’ choices. Some natural characteristics of a country could enhance its attractiveness. Moreover, to add to the income generated and the local jobs connected with spending on recreation process, it is clear that the amenities engender consumer surplus with regard to the economic value. The surplus is the difference of whatever consumers are willing to pay for the amenities like lakes and beaches and the value that they pay for to enjoy the benefits. Surveys have estimated that the economic value, which consumers place on various types of recreation like camping, hunting, wildlife, and swimming, translates to billion dollars. For countries that are endowed with the aforementioned resources, there is a huge value that reflects high economic benefits (United Nations 142). Forestry is another environmental activity that provides the basis for economic activities. This form of natural resource has widespread economic ramification with activities line logging and forestry amou nting to billions of dollars. These activities rank as the most significant parts of the manufacturing sector. In the direct terms, the forestry industry of the state is the first in employment among the manufacturing sectors in many countries. When the economy is strong, the annual exports from the products amount to billions. Generally, the export of forest products has grown and the exports are poised to attain significant growth in the future. Forestry has had immense impact on the economy of countries that are endowed with the resources because it is a source of employment opportunities (James 20). Minerals are also environmental and natural resources that have an economic impact on a country. Mining activities such as quarrying are rampant in various parts of the world. This results from the endowment of the state with resources that are usable. Quarries and mines extend to various regions and are in the rural and urban areas. The economic impact is huge with mining being a dr iver of the economy in many regions. It contributes to not only the value added but also to numerous jobs connected to the industry via induced, indirect, or direct effects (Resosudarmo 67). Commercial fishing is also another domain in which the economic impact of natural resources can be assessed. In the recent past, various regions have witnessed the transformation of the realm of commercial fishing, which is vital in an economy that depends on resources. Commercial fishing is a business that keeps alive the character of various regions. Presently, it includes a bubbling aquaculture industry in which fresh techniques have created new opportunities for businesses in a number of countries. Commercial fisheries have accounted for millions in revenue (Poser 10). According to the aforementioned findings, natural resources contribute to spending, labor income, and jobs. Natural resources support more jobs and employment offers than any other asset in a state. It should also be mentioned that natural resources and the educated workforce are interconnected and complimentary. On one hand, it is important that a state generates the quality of labor force through the attainment of higher education. The state also has to retain the educated population and this is assisted by maintenance of the integrity of the natural resources. In addition to creation of jobs, natural resources help in preservation of the human capital because of the fact that educated people are mobile in nature, human capital, and amenities are complementary. Amenities like natural resources have a positive influence on the quality of life of a country’s residents. A high life quality means that the residents have a high likelihood of remaining where they are. The natural environment is also influential in maintaining the health of its inhabitants (Poser 20). Individuals benefit immensely from their contact with the nature. Hence, preservation of the natural resources is a part of the health s trategy of a state. Overall, the true value of the natural resources is high. Therefore, they should be considered vital in the development of the economy. The strategy of the state should be to focus on the rewarding business of the natural and environmental resources and enhance the quality of life of the state in the process. Thus, it should be a central part of regional and local economic strategies (Qazi and Qazi 35). A Table Showing How the Economy Depends on Natural Resources Source: Paltseva and Roine Conclusion In summary, the environment and natural resources have a huge economic impact that is felt in domains such as employment, which has a direct impact on the country’s inhabitants’ life quality. The promotion of the natural resources base should be a key in the development policy of all economies. During the time of economic uncertainties, relevant departments need to utilize their resources in promotion of development that can translate to benefits of bu sinesses. Natural resources play a great role in taking such economic decisions. This essay has articulated the economic benefits of the environment and natural resources. It is important for a country to take care of its natural environment because of the accruing economic benefits. Several measures of how natural resources contribute to the economy have been assessed. Works Cited Hackett, Steven C. Environmental and Natural Resources Economics: Theory, Policy, and the Sustainable Society. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 2011. Print. James, David. The Application of Economic Techniques in Environmental Impact Assessment. New York: Springer, 1994. Print. Paltseva, Elena and Jesper Roine. Are Natural Resources Good or Bad for Development? 2011. Web. Poser, Nadine. Economic, Environmental and Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism: An Analysis from Mexico. Munich: GRIN Verlag, 2008. Print. Qazi, Shabir Ahmad and Navaid Shabir Qazi. Natural Resource Conservation and Environment Management. New Delhi: APH Publishing, 2008. Print. Resosudarmo, Budy P. The Impact of Environmental Policies on a Developing Economy. Munich: VDM Publishing, 2010. Print Sarsby, R. W. and T. Meggyes. The Exploitation of Natural Resources and the Consequences: The Proceedings of Green 3 : the 3rd International Symposium on Geotechnics Related to the European Environment Held in Berlin, June 2000. London: Thomas Telford, 2001. Print. United Nations. Decoupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth. Stevenage: UNEP/Earthprint, 2011. Print. 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18 vs. 21 Essay

18 vs. 21 Essay 18 vs. 21 Essay Position Details Page 1 of 2 IT Technician I Type:Part Time Non Benefited Salary:$18.95-$25.10 Status:Recruiting Closing Date:03/21/13 Job Summary Provide assistance and support to in-house computer users; installing, maintaining, and servicing individual PC’s; and advising and supporting the in-house training programs. Please note that the current vacancy is for a project position; however, this recruitment may lead to an eligibility list to fill any future vacancies for the same classification for up to six months. EOE The "Ideal" Candidate Perform a variety of professional and technically skilled tasks in the installation, maintenance, operation, and coordination of the City's computer information systems. Effective Public Relations skills. Establish and maintain effective working relationships. Essential Functions Assist and coordinate a City-wide preventive maintenance program. Develop and implement policies, procedures, and standards relating to information technology activities. Deal with confidential information and develop security strategies for the maintenance of the computer network system. Insure that new City facilities are appropriately equipped with all necessary computer equipment. Produce and distribute statistical data, reports and computer printouts as necessary. Interpret and follow technical manuals and develop, maintain, and update training guides and procedural manuals. Oversee information technology functions, such as, electronic mail and printer sharing. Provide assistance to departments to meet current and plan for future data processing/computer/automated information technology needs. Maintain systems and standards for data base design, backup and recovery.Coordinate activities to resolve program and system problems. Conduct product research. Assist with selection of new hardware and software. Operate, maintain, and repair hardware. Install computer equipment and software, and customize installed software to the specific requirements of the user department. Monitor "back-up" systems and file servers. Interface with vendors and customers in a professional and courteous manner. Monitor computer maintenance and repair contracts. Provide assistance, recommend, and evaluate software-training courses. Oversee, advise and support the City’s Computer User Group.Provide assistance to the public, City staff, and other Governmental agencies.Provide information at the public counter, in writing, and on the telephone. Knowledge of: Principles and techniques of computer system programming, networking and software strategies. Techniques and procedures pertaining to installation and maintenance of

Chandler's claims for superiority of managerial capitalism' are Essay

Chandler's claims for superiority of managerial capitalism' are specific to a particular time and place and cannot be generalized disscuss - Essay Example But in Scale and Scope the essential thesis is that between the 1850s and the 1880s the transportation and communications networks established the technological and organizational base for the exploitation Ð ¾f economies Ð ¾f scale and scope in the processes Ð ¾f production and distribution. (p. 58) The entrepreneurial response in distribution preceded that in production because innovation in distribution was primarily organizational, not technological. The reasons for the decline Ð ¾f commission agents and the growth Ð ¾f full line, full service wholesalers and mass retailers is not entirely clear from Chandlers analysis.[1] Many Ð ¾f the names Ð ¾f the mass retailers that emerged after the Civil War are still familiar today and include Macys, Lord & Taylor, Strawbridge & Clothier, John Wanamaker, Marshall Field, and Emporium. Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck came to dominate the rural market, relying heavily on mail-order operations. These houses built administrative systems to handle more transactions in a day than most traditional merchants could handle in a lifetime. The laying down Ð ¾f railroad and telegraph systems precipitated a wave Ð ¾f industrial innovation in Western Europe and the United States far more wide ranging than that which had occurred in Britain at the end Ð ¾f the eighteenth century. This wave has been properly termed by historians the Second Industrial Revolution. . . (p. 62) and involved systemic innovations in oil refining, steel, machinery, glass, artificial dyes, fibres, fertilizers, and food processing. But for the potential Ð ¾f these innovations to be realized, entrepreneurs had to make the three pronged investment. [2] In industries where only one or two pioneering enterprises made the three pronged investment, these enterprises quickly dominated the market. More Ð ¾ften, however, the modern industrial enterprise in the United States appeared after merger or acquisition (p.

World Health Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Health Organization - Essay Example ves of WHO is â€Å"To reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health during key stages of life, including pregnancy, childbirth, the neonatal period, childhood and adolescence, and improve sexual and reproductive health and promote active and healthy ageing for all individuals† (WHO, 2012). The target population of WHO are all people in the world in general and the poor people in the underdeveloped countries in particular, which do not have adequate resources to ensure the health and safety of their citizens. UN has introduced a lot of vaccines for the prevention of different kinds of diseases in such countries as India, Pakistan, Sudan, and Ethiopia. â€Å"WHO was on the alert in those parts of the world experiencing humanitarian crises, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Horn of Africa, Iraq, Sudan and in particular Darfur, the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and elsewhere† (Chaib, 2006). WHO has an operational history full of successes and few failures since its establishment. In the year 1947, WHO created an epidemiological service of information through telex and launched the programme for the eradication of malaria in the year 1955. Ten years later, WHO created the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In 1966, WHO shifted in its headquarters building. In 1974, WHO started the Expanded Programme on Immunization. In 1975, WHO launched the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Between 1986 and 1996, WHO was actively involved in creating awareness about the causes, risks, and prevention of HIV/AIDS and Polio. It took several measures to providing the patients of HIV/AIDS with medical attention without discrimination on the basis of race or region. In 1988, WHO established the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Smallpox was a major health issue in 31 countries of the world in the year 1967. The victims of smallpox in 1967 was from 10 to 15 million, out of which 2 million patients died while millions got

Eastern Orthodox Essay Example for Free

Eastern Orthodox Essay I. Origin The Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholicism were branches of the same body—the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church until 1054 AD, which is the date of the first major division and the beginning of â€Å"denominations† in Christianity. The Christian Church divided into two Churches, East and West. Both Churches believe that they are the original Church established by Jesus Christ and the Apostles, and they disapprove each other. The Church in the East added â€Å"orthodox†, which comes from the Greek word â€Å"orthodxia†, to show that they retain the original teachings and traditions. Every Church in the Eastern Orthodox system can trace their roots back to the five early Christianity center—the Roman Church, the Jerusalem Church, Antioch, the Alexandrian Church and the Church of Constantinople. Although all Orthodox Churches recognize the Patriarch of Constantinople as the ecumenical Patriarch and the supreme leader, the Churches are independent of each other in the mutual recognition of state instead of entirely united. Disagreements between the two branches of Christianity—Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism—had long existed even before the division, and increased throughout the first millennium. Their disputes include issues pertaining to the nature of the Holy Spirit, the use of icons in worship, and the correct date to celebrate Easter. Also, the Eastern mindset inclined more toward philosophy, mysticism and ideology. They reject rationalism, as they believe that unless God speaks out, humans can not know him through reason. The Western outlook guided more by a practical and legal mentality, a perfect example being the Summa Theologica by St. Thomas which successfully fused Aristotelian philosophy with ideology. The Catholics believe that humans can one day see the true body of the Lord through rationality. With these disputes worsening and the gaps widening, separation was inevitable. The slow process of it was encouraged in 330 AD when Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the city of Byzantium and called in Constantinople. After he died, the Roman empire was divided by his two sons into the Eastern portion, which was ruled from Constantinople, and the Western portion, which was ruled from Rome. The formal split took place in 1045 AD when Pope Leo IX, leader of the Roman Church at the time, excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, leader of the Eastern Church. Cerularius then condemned the Pope in mutual excommunication. Michael Cerularius was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043-1058 AD, and played a prominent role in the East-West Schism. In 1045 he wrote a letter to the Pope claiming the title â€Å"ecumenical patriarch† and addressing Pope Leo as â€Å"brother† rather than â€Å"father†. It can be argued that it was this letter that initiated the events which followed. At the time the two primary disputes were Rome’s claim to a universal papal supremacy and the adding of the word filioque to the Nicene Creed. Filioque is a Latin word which means â€Å"and from the Son†. By inserting it to the Nicene Creed during the 6th century, the phrase pertaining to the origin of the Holy Spirit â€Å"who proceeds from the Father† was changed to â€Å"who proceeds from the Father and the Son†. The change was made to emphasize Christ’s divinity, but was strongly objected by the Eastern Christians, as they not only opposed any alteration of anything by the first ecumenical council, but also disagreed with its new meaning. Eastern Christians believe that both the Holy Spirit and the Son have their origin in the Father. During the time of the Crusades beginning in 1095, Rome joined the East in fight against the Turks to defend the Holy Land. But by the end of the Forth Crusade in 1204, all hope for potential reconciliation between the two Churches was over as the hostility between them continued to worsen. The Eastern and Western Churches remain divided and separate until present day. II. Institutional Structure â€Å"The Orthodox Church is evangelical, but not Protestant. It is orthodox, but not Jewish. It is Catholic, but not Roman. It isn’t non-denominational—it is pre-denominational. It has believed, taught, preserved, defended and died for the Faith of the Apostles since the day of Pentecost 2000 years ago.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Steve Robinson The Orthodox Catholic Church is the second largest Christian Church in the world and the religious denomination of the majority of the population in Russia, Greece, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Cyprus. Orthodoxy plays a smaller role in a dozen other countries: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and the U. S. It also consists of churches in scattered presence in other countries. The Orthodox Church has an Episcopal organizational structure where consecrated bishops are the chief ecclesiastical officers in each diocese and have the power to ordain priests. The Church believes in the Apostolic Succession, which means that the consecration of its bishops can be traced back to Jesus’ apostles. The Orthodox Church is composed of several self-governing ecclesial bodies, each geographically and nationally distinct but theologically unified. Each self-governing body, often but not always encompassing a nation, is shepherded by a Holy Synod whose duty, among other things, is to preserve and teach the apostolic and patristic traditions and related church practices. III. Basic Belief System In Orthodox history, events that have transformed the external appearance of the Orthodox world—the capture of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem by Arab Muslims; the burning of Kiev by the Mongols; the two sacks of Constantinople; the October Revolution—have never broken the inward continuity of the Orthodox Church. The  greatest characterization of the Orthodox faith is its antiquity, its apparent changelessness, its continuity with the Apostolic Church and that it follows the faith and practices defined by the first seven Ecumenical Councils. For the Orthodox Christians, the doctrine of the Holy Trinity underlies all theology and spirituality. Salvation is personal and underlines particularity, yet also communal and implies sharing; there is a uniqueness and wholeness in the human person, in humanity and in creation. It is also on the doctrine of the Holy Trinity that the councilor and hierarchical structure of the Orthodox Church rests. The mystery of the Trinity is revealed in the supreme act of love, the Incarnation of the divine â€Å"Word that became flesh†, assuming and healing humanity and creation entirely. Participation in the defied humanity of Jesus Christ is the ultimate goal of the Christian life, accomplished through the Holy Spirit. In the seven Sacraments and in the life of the Church, each person is called to theosis or deification, for â€Å"God became human in order that humanity might be divinized†. When expressing these beliefs, the Orthodox look for consistency with Scripture and Tradition, as manifested in the life of the Church and the early Church Fathers, but will search also for new formulations of this tradition. External criteria of truth are lacking; for Orthodox Christians seek the living experience of truth accessible in the communion of Saints. Thus they are reluctant to define matters of faith with too much precision, in the firm conviction that truth is never exhausted. The apophatic or   negative approach safeguards the transcendence of God even while designating His immanence; it also affirms the uniqueness of each person—divine and human—that they may never be reduced to anything less than a mystery. Integral to the long history and tradition of the Orthodox Christian faith are the Icons, which further reflect the divine glory and beauty. The Incarnation of Christ implies that God became fully human and therefore accessible and describable. God is not only understood but, at the Incarnation, is looked upon and seen. An Orthodox Church is, therefore, filled with icons invariably depicting Christ or the Saints of the Church, and an Orthodox Christian kisses and assigns veneration to those depicted by them. Icons are never worshiped, and they are the Christian faith and histories depicted in images and constitute part of the transfigured cosmos. Today people tend to think of the Orthodox Church as a vast, world-wide institution. Yet the concept of universality as expressed in the local community is a fundamental principle of Orthodox doctrine. Each local Eucharist gathering is related on the principle of identity. IV. Morality Eastern Orthodoxy does not differ from the larger Christian principles of moral thought and action in any way, but does offer a unique view on Christianitys promised redemption. It teaches a doctrine of theosis, or unity with God, which is a kind of deification that is available to all. The Orthodox doctrine of theosis is grounded in several key New Testiment scriptures. In the epistles of Paul, he repeatedly describes the Christian life as life â€Å"in Christ.† In the Gospel of John, Jesus prayed, â€Å"My prayer is not for them alone. I pray also for those who will believe in me through their message, that all of them may be one, be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me† (John 17:20-21). The idea of this mutual indwelling, God in us and we in God, is a constant theme in John’s Gospel. In the Second Letter of Peter he says, â€Å"Through these he has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature and escape the corruption in the world caused by evil desires† (2 Peter 1:4) The goal of the Christian life, and its expected outcome, is to partake in the divine nature. This is theosis, or deification, and the idea merits special discussion so that its meaning is not distorted. The hoped-for mystical union between God and human is a true union, but it is a union with God’s energies, not the divine essence. Humans remain fully human and distinct from God. But they become perfected in grace, so that every element of ego and selfishness disappears and they are able to reflect the divine light. Few Christians will experience theosis before the Day of Judgment, but on that day, Christians will be resurrected and glorified by God, clothed in a spiritual body that radiates the divine light. Still, deification begins in the here and now, in the daily lives of ordinary Christians. All Christians are called to follow Gods commandments, and as long as they try to do so, however weak their efforts may be, or however often they may fail, they become in some way deified. Deification begins in repentance, and is nurtured through the normal routines of the C hristian life. To become deified, the Christian should go to church, regularly participate in the sacraments, pray to God with honesty and great sincerity, read the Gospels, and follow the commandments. The most important commandments are love of God and neighbor. To love God is to live in and for others, which is why some of the greatest of the Eastern Orthodox saints are remembered for their service to others, such as St. Basil of Caesarea (c. 330-379) caring for the sick, or St. John the Almsgiver (d. 619) caring for the poor. Sincere dedication to following the commandments and living life within the church bears with it the promise of redemption fulfilled in the resurrection of a radiant body and soul. But Christians may look forward to even more than this. The Bible speaks of a new heaven and a new earth (Revelation 21:1) and of the hope that the creation itself will be redeemed (Romans 8:22). In these scriptures, Eastern Orthodoxy sees the promise of a cosmic redemption, in which all of material creation is transfigured. This belief in the redemption as deification rests in the Orthodox interpretation of the doctrine of the Incarnation. By choosing to become human, God became flesh and blood, thereby sanctifying material as well as immaterial creation. Because of this, all of material creation can look forward to its ultimate redemption, in which pain, death, and suffering will cease, along with hostility and enmity, and all of creation will be transfigured. The first fruits of this promise can already be seen as fulfilled in the divine power that works through the holy relics, in the divine presence in the icons, and in the radiant transfigured faces of the hesychasts. V. Worship The life of an Orthodox Christian can be seen as being composed of five cycles. First of all, there is the cycle of life, which embraces the whole life of a man from birth to death, and which consists in liturgical actions which are not repeated, occurring only once in a person’s lifetime. There are Holy Baptism, Holy Chrismation (equivalent to Confirmation in the West) and the Burial Service. In addition, there also belongs in this great cycle the Sacraments or Sacramental Blessings which bestow special grace for a particular office or vocation with the community. These are Holy Matrimony, the Monastic Tonsure and Holy Orders. Another major cycle which involves the entire life of an Orthodox Christian is the daily cycle of prayers and praises offered by the Church, once every twenty-four hours. These services express our remembrance of events which happened at certain hours and contain petitions relevant to these memories. In antiquity the day was considered to begin at sunset and divided according to the following order. Night began at 6 p.m. and was divided into four parts called watches, which means the time of changing guards: Evening (6 p.m. to 9 p.m.), Midnight (9 p.m. to 12 midnight), Cock-crow (12 midnight to 3 a.m.), and Morning (3 a.m. to 6 a.m.). Day began at 6 a.m. and was too divided into four watches (or hours): First Hour (6 a.m. to 9 a.m.), Third Hour (9 a.m. to 12 noon), Sixth Hour (12 noon to 0 3 p.m.), and Ninth Hour (3 p.m. to 6 p.m.).

Evidence Of Technological Change :: essays research papers

The early evidence on the importance of technological changes a source of the shifts in the relative demand for different types of labor during the 1980s came from case studies. The Bureau of labor Statistics conducted several case studies of the effects of changes in production processes in particular industries (Mark, 1987). In an industry that experienced a significant change in technology, the usual pattern was a dramatic reduction in the employment of production workers with an increase or no change in the number of skilled workers in that industry. More recently there have been several econometric analyses of the effects of variables like the (appropriately lagged) rate of investment in computers and/ or other forms of â€Å"information capital† and the ratio of expenditures on research and development to sales on changes in the skill composition of industries (for examples, Berman, Bound and Griliches, 1994). The results of these studies are consistent with those of the case studies and the hypotheses that the recent technological change has shifted the relative demand for skilled labor to the right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changes in production techniques have widened across the country quickly, especially the multinational firms. Thus, if technological change is an important determinant of relative demand shifts, one would expect to observe patterns in other industrialized countries similar to those in the United States. Some of the recent studies report results for a variety of old industrialized (OECD) countries that are indeed consistent with the U.S. results (Collechia and Papaconstantinou, 1996; Machin, Ryan and Van Reenan, 1996). These countries vary a great deal with respect to changes in their situations with respect to trade, labor market institutions (like the importance of trade unions), and unemployment. Obviously, the relative demand for skilled labor in each of them is rising rapidly. In my view, it is the fairly strong evidence in favor of the wage inequality and technological change story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A factor that is often cited as the specific issue of the post-1980 is the widespread adoption of computer technology throughout the economy. As mentioned above, the rate of skilled labor has tended to be greatest in those industries with the highest rate of investment in computers. There is also evidence that workers who use computers on the job have, other things constant, higher earnings than those who do not (Krueger, 1993). In my view, it is probably too early to determine that how much of the technological change dues to computers affect wage inequality, but we will know more about the answer to this question in 20 years.

Financial analysis for smartphone industry

After a heat discussion, our team chose the smart phone industry for the following two reasons. Firstly, telephone is a significant communicating instrument around the world today. International Telecommunication Union predicts that the number of cell phones would exceed the number of human beings in 2014. Secondly, with the increasingly functions of smart phone, it plays a vital role in the relevant industries. The flourishing development of smart phone industry also accelerates the development of other industries such as the cell phone battery industry and cell phone game industry. . 1 Industry Analysis We are talking about smart phone industry specifically. The newly formed competitive market includes hardware manufacturing, operating systems and content. Looking back on the history, leaders of those fields have changed a lot, as Monika, Motorola and RIM have been transcended by Apple, Samsung and other brands. Apply Porter's five force analysis to smart phone industry. Starting f rom threat of entry, software faces this more because of open platforms. Floods of capitals are required for R and operation levels, thus this threat is moderately high.Substitutes like Pads, Notebook and laptops have entered the market causing the threat. Threat also comes from suppliers, fragmented supply and the difficulty of vertical integration have impeded company profiting. But the threat is low overall. Meanwhile, buyers also impact threat by various demands and higher bargaining power. All these four threats result in a high threat of rivalry. Brand and concentrated market also matter. For the industry status, in 2011, the smart phone application market was about USED 6. 7 billion which is expected to be USED 1 55 billion with CARR of almost 55% from 2011 to 2017.In addition, worldwide sales of smart phones to end users totaled 968 million units in 2013, an increase of 42. Percent from 2012. Sales of smart phones accounted for 53. 6 percent of overall mobile phone sales in 2013 which accounts for 75. 8% of the overall mobile handset revenue. 1. 3 Firm description We choose six companies in smart phone industry to do some analysis. They are Sony, Apple, Samsung, ETC, Black Berry and Monika. The firms we choose represent different level of performance in the industry. Apple and Samsung are outstanding firms with higher net income and greater profitability.MONIKA, SONY and Blackberry are firms once created brilliant achievements but suffer from ailing business in the past 3 years. ETC is a newly brought-in competitor with advanced technology in developing smart phones. The six firms experienced different types of history. Samsung struggled with poor quality and inferior products in its earlier times. Apple seemed to grow gradually since it was established. On the contrary, Blackberry and MONIKA were once outstanding in the industry. SONY (SONY Ericson) left behind when transforming from mobile phones to smart phones.ETC has a short history. Most of the f irms experienced several important mergers or acquisition in the past 5 years. Badly-performed firms shrink while well-performed ones expand their equines by proper selling plans or acquisitions. Some important events are as follows. Microsoft declared to acquire Ionians mobile business and large amounts of patent portfolios with 7. 17 billion dollars. Blackberry made an announcement that the corporation agreed to be acquired by Fairfax Financial Holdings at the price of 47 billion, though the selling plan turns out to be failed.SONY and Ericson were incorporated into Sony Mobile Communications. 2. Past performance analysis Note: Risk free rate: US. Government bond rate for 5 years Expected market return: historical industry return for 5 years 2. 1 Samsung 013 is a fancy year for Samsung, possessing the biggest market share in smart phone for 31. 5% ahead of 15. 5% for Apple. For the first sq in 2013, PEE ratio decreased from 9. 09% to 6. 99% and it rose to 7. 30% in SQ. For the cap ital structure, 93. 2% was financed by equity and bond took up 6. 7%. Stock return for 2013 is -3. 7%. Move to past areas. PIE ratio experienced biggest decrease from 1 1. 88% to 7. 04%. Stock return is waving from 2. 98% to 28. 53%. Now focus on past areas. PEE ratio as 1 1. 88% peaked in 2011 standing out from a general downward trend. Besides, the releasing of GALAXY Tab 3 and GALAXY Note 10. Drove inventory turnover ratio higher. The peak for debt to equity ratio appeared in 2011 which is 0. 1446 and the trend is downward. Stock return in 2009 is highest for 64. 42%. The cost of equity for Samsung is 27. 63% given its current beta is 1. 12.For the dividend policy, the payout ratios are 12. 3%, 9. 3%, 6. 0%, 5. 1% and 7. 11%respectively since 2009. The most recent dividend pay date is on August 26, painting out 75. 4 million USED. On July 17 2012, Samsung acquired the handset operations of CARS Pl, and invested a 4. 9% stake in the company later. It is the largest acquisition cas e for Samsung since the 1997 uncial crisis. Actually, Samsung completed 5 acquisitions in 2012 which is more frequent than before. Acquisitions progress appears in net income rising from in 2011 to and to in 2012 and 2013.Inventions also declined from 3,859,994 to 2,918,234 until 2013. Samsung sold a record 86 million smart phones in Quaff 2013 and widened its lead over Apple selling 51 million for phone 5. 2. 2 Monika In 2013, Monika had a negative PEPS, showing that Monika didn't do well in 2013. The inventory turnover was about 6. 0, lower than the industry average (about). ROE was negative. The debt/asset ratio was 72. 59%. The dividend per share was O in 2013. The stock return was 97% in 2013 and the cost of equity for Monika is 8. 66%, given its current beta is 1. 3. Looking at the past 3 years, we find Debt/Equity ratio of Monika was increasing constantly. The ROE ratio was always negative over the past three years, decreasing from 2011 to 2012 and increasing from 2012 to 201 3. The dividend per share decreased from 0. 33 in 2011 to 0. 13 in 2012, then too in 2013. The stock return increased from -55% in 2011 to -23% in 2012, then to 97% in 2013. Considering the past five years performance, we find that Monika did quite a good Job in 2009 and 010 because its PIE ratios were positive and really high.The dividend per share decreased from 0. 41 in 2009 to 0. 31 in 2010. The trend of dividend per share from 2009 to 2013 is declining. The stock return increased from 2009 to 2013 while it was negative from 2009 to 2012. As for important events, on September 3rd, 2013, Microsoft declared to acquire Ionians mobile business and a large amount of patent portfolios with 7. 17 billion dollars. The stock price of Monika soared from about 3 dollars per share to about 8 dollars per share from August 29th, 2013 to November 18th, 2013.We compare the financial performance of the third quarter and fourth quarter of 2013 and find that net income increased a lot from -91 mil lions to -millions of dollars. 2. 3 Apple In 2013, Apple had a perfect performance. The ROE (about 0. 3064) and PIE ratio (about 15. 21) are both three times higher than the industry average, Besides, the inventory turnover of Apple is about 83, Apple is already well-known for its supply chain. The company's 40. 31% of assets came from debt and 59. 69% of assets came from equity. The of PAPAL in 2013 is 0. 74, and the cost of capital for PAPAL is 22. 3 percent in 2013.In the past 3 years, the current ratio and price-earnings ratio did not change a lot, but ROE decrease sharply in 2013, and the debt/equity decreased in 2012 and increased in 2013, meaning that the company issued more stocks than bonds in 2012. The annual stock return 0. 013 in 2013, 0. Tent 2012, and 0. 243 in 2011. Looking back over 5 years, the ROE increased from 2009 to 2012 and decreased in 2013. The inventory turnover went up sharply from 2012 and went down a little in 2013, which is partially because of the phon e ass's huge success. In addition, PAPAL began giving shareholders a quarterly dividend of $2. Per share in 2012. This dividend yield is about 1. 2% higher than the industry average. Apple's business philosophy is to acquire small companies that can be easily integrated into existing company projects, so Apple did more than 60 small acquisitions in the last decades. Apple merged plenty of software makers including Sir. After the acquisition, Sir has been an intelligent personal assistant and was introduced as a feature of the phone AS. This technical innovation has been a huge success so that more than 50% profit of Apple company came from phone in 2012. 2. ETC 013 is a struggling year for ETC, we can see that most of the key ratios of the company are under the industry average, profitability measures are almost all negative, and ROE are -1. 67, indicating that ETC failed to earn enough profit to even cover its expense. The high Debt/equity ratio (1. 22) makes its stock risky. The o f ETC in 2013 is 1. 88, while the industry average is only 1. 12. High makes the cost to raise capital high too. The cost of capital for ETC is 10. 13 percent in 2013. Looking back over 3 years, we found that Itch's profit has been declining since 2011, inventory turnover declined from 12. 8 to 7. 0 due to the poor sale and management problem. The annual stock return -0. 525 in 2013, 0. 064 2012, and -0. 392 in 2011. Looking back over 5 years, it is clear that the business boomed during 2009 and 2011, and started to fall behind since then. The sale increased by about 1 11% from 2009 to 2010, but stock price has fallen by 90 percent since then. Besides, the company prescribed at least 50% of the total dividend be distributed as cash dividend, it pay dividend in July or August every year. ETC believe that acquisitions are the key to help ETC quickly grow to compete with its competitors.So ETC spent more than $700 lions on acquisition in 2010 and 2011 trying to gain market share. Major mergers include SO Graphics, Beats Electronics LLC, and etc. However, Itch's acquisition strategy didn't work well as expected. Those deals neither helped ETC to boost its brand image or to win the law suit, the sale have also been decreasing since the requested of 2011. 2. 5 Sony From 2009 to 2013, Sony had gone through a road of difficult and twists. In 2013, Sony didn't have a well performance. Its current ratio, ROE and inventory turnover ratio is under industry average.To be specific, its inventory turnover ratio is the lowest. Through its PEE ratio is strangely high, I think it mostly related to the small profit number. Looking back over 3 years, we can see most ratio, including ROE and inventory turnover ratio, had a peak in 2012. Especially ROE had a soaring from 2011 to 2012. There are four reasons. First, Sony Corp. acquired the remaining 50% stake from ELM Ericson Telethon ABA on February 15, 2012, which made mobile phone sales increased a lot. Last, the yen devalued. Lo oking back over 5 years, the current ratio and ROE had a drop until 2011.The inventory turnover ratio had a peak in 2010 while he debt-equity ratio increased until 2012. Actually, Sony had negative net income for consecutive four years. Not only it is a result of disasters such as JP Tsunami, but also it is because the yen appreciate and digital products from Japan were shocked by other goods. The stock return ratio of Sony from 2009 to 2011 has dropped from 0. 5 to -0. 47. However, it began to increase then. The ratio in 2013 is about 0. 15. It is consistent with what ROE shows. The cost of equity is 52. 72%. It is large due to the high Arm (29. 64%) and high risk (beta-?I . 2). 2. 6 Blackberry 2013 is not a pleasant year for Blackberry. The ability to generate profit is far behind its peer competitors. PEPS and ROE of the firm are -1. 23 and -6. 61% due to the negative net income. However, the current ratio highly above the industry average (about 1. 09). Stocks risk of Blackberry is low, measured in of 0. 48. Based on p, the cost of capital is 3. 70%. On account of the bad performance over the year, annual stock return in 2013 is -0. 426. Looking back to the past three-year performance, Blackberry dropped from its recent peak in 2011 to historical worst.Blackberry experienced a terrible service interrupt in Cot, 2011, which severely damaged the rim reputation and directly caused the following bad performances. Business declined sharply in 2012, with falling ROE and PEE ratio. In retrospect the performance in last five years, we could see that even under unpleasant financial crisis, Blackberry still could hold itself. PEE ratio was 17. 1 in 2009 and 10. 0 in 2012, both showing a good prospect, however, the ratio then began to decrease sharply after 2010. Annual stock return was at first positive in 2009(0. 19), but it has fallen below zero ever since. Inventory turnover is quite stable during the whole period. No dividend has been strutted during recent five years because of the disappointing performance. Most important series of restructuring events in Blackberry's history appeared in the year 2013. BlackBerry first announced to have reached a potential acquisition agreement with its biggest shareholder Fairfax Financial on Seep 23rd, after this good news, the stock price of BlackBerry shot up 0. 6 dollars. But the potential acquisition plan didn't last for a long time.In Novena, 2013 BlackBerry declared the breakdown of the selling plan. By pm Novo 4th, the stock price of BlackBerry has dropped 1. 44 dollars (18. 53%). 3. Future performance analysis . 1 Pro formal Pro formal of Cash Flow Pro formal of Balance Sheet & Income Statement Note: Erg (regression) W-M (weighted-moving-average method) Final (final forecast) We complete the pro formal by three steps. First step is to do an autoregressive analysis to forecast the data of 2014 and 201 5 through the historical data from 2009 to 2013. Then, we computed the weighted average by givi ng the weight of 0. 5, 0. 1, 0. 15, 0. 3, and 0. 4. Finally, we find some forward looking data predicted by economic forecasters on the internet and use moving weighted average method to get final data which are more efficient. What is more, if there is no forward looking data, we use weighted average on the regressive result and average result. We combined two different methods to do the forecast. Because every method has it is own drawback. For the regression method, it cannot show that the latest data, which indicates the trends more accurately, is more vital than the previous one.And the weighted average can overcome this drawback by giving the latest data more weights. But for some items like income, we think the result of regression method is more accurately. So we combined these two methods by using weighted average. 3. 2 Recommendation We divided the analysis of future performance of PAPAL into two parts: The analysis of data and the analysis of reality. Firstly, Let us focu s on the forecast data. We analyze three kinds of vital data measuring the performance of PAPAL. The first one is earnings per share (PEPS), which reflects the ability of company to generating profit.We forecast this data by regression, which is to estimate the net income and shares and do a Multivariate regression. The result is around 45. Then, there are five websites give out the PEPS estimate around 47. 9. We give them weights and get the final data of 47. . PEPS is the dollar value of earnings per each outstanding share of a company's common stock. Higher PEPS means that the company can generate more net income by each share and it can use less capital to get higher profit. Besides, the dividend may be high because of the high PEPS. The forecast data 47. In 201 5 is higher than today's data and it is reliable, because the net income and the shares are both increasing and the increasing speed of shares is slowly. So the performance of PAPAL will be better in the future. The seco nd one is PIE ratio. We use the weighted average method to get PIE in 201 5, which is 13. 2, and we also use the regression method to get it, which is 13. 44. We find that the forecast PIE ratio in Yahoo is 13. 07, which is not a high one. Theoretically speaking, a stock with low PIE ratio is a good one to investment, because the purchase cost is low.Besides, we think the value of PAPAL is underestimated now because of the high PEPS and the low PIE ratio. The price of stock will go up in the future. The third one is ROE, which shows how well PAPAL uses investment funds to earnings growth. We use the weighted average method to get ROE in 201 5, which is 36. 34%, and we also use the regression method to get it, which is 38. 6%. The average number is 37. 6%. ROE measures the rate of return on the shareholders' equity of the stock owners, which measures a firm's ability of generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity.Generally speaking, ROES more than 10% are considered go od. Besides, the ROE of PAPAL is a reliable one, because the debt asset ratio is not high. In conclusion, we recommend that stockholders could hold Pal's stock for a long time because of the low PIE ratio and the high ROE. Performance we forecasted originates from two reality parts, one is expected increase based on past and current situations and the other is unexpected hangs including systematic and unsystematic risks align with future. The anticipated two opportunities for Apple are analyzed as following.The global market for smart phone will grow in few years based on GIG prediction and the annual sale is expected to increase from 1 billion in 2013 to 1 . Billion in 2017. Until the end of 2013, the SIS system accounted for 41. 2% and Android is 51. 9% comparatively. This intense rising user trend will amplify the market pie. The other is the cooperation with China Mobile. Above million regular customers of China Mobile will assist the sales rise for Apple. Unexpected systematic risk consists of interest rate risk and foreign currency risk. The company typically invests in highly-rated securities and changes in U.S. Interest rates affect the interest earned on the company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, the fair value of those securities, as well as costs associated with hedging. In the third quarter of 2013, the company issued $17. 0 billion of long-term debt, which included $3. 0 billion of floating-rate notes. In addition, Apple is a net receiver of foreign currencies and changes in exchange rates, particularly strengthening of U. S. Lars will negatively affect its net sales and gross margins expressed as U. S. Dollars originally. Unsystematic risk involves Apple's internal specific performance.New products release like will be a main source. The attraction of next generation Apple phone is controversial and based on past dissatisfying sales of phone and pad, their growth rate nearly held constant. Some people concern its innovation w ithout Jobs but some analysts note that the bigger size for phones will eliminate advantage of Android system brands like Samsung. Charm of wearing new product which is twitch concretely is also worth anticipating ND we may get some indicts from the coming WAD held in Los Angels. Beyond this, Apple will increase repurchase of stocks and issuance of dividends.According to Sanford C. Bernstein prediction, Apple will issue BIB dollars dividends in 2015. This will increase the value of stocks held on shareholders if the PEE ratio increased after the issuance. 4. Relative Performance According to the comparison of 5 key ratios, the underperforming corporations are SONY, Blackberry, ETC and MONIKA. Most of the firm shared common problems in several aspects as lack of innovative products and inventory management, while mom have critical faults in designing strategies. Relative performance and recommendations are as follows.According to the lowest inventory turnover ratio of Sony among its industry peers, one recommendation for Sony is to turn over its inventory quickly. It can improve its supply chain, manage efficiently to product appropriately. Due to the fast update of digital products, long inventory turnover period will enlarge the risk and the cost. Besides, 3. 1% of the market share is so small compared with Samsung and Apple that its ROE can't increase smoothly. The key to increase its market share is to launch the new production. Only by creating great mobile phones like phone, can Sony rebuild its Sony Time.Similar problems appeared in Blackberry and Monika. Most of Blackberry's profitability ratios as PEE, ROE and PEPS are under industry average due to firm's negative net income. The reasons are lack of attractive application programs and disappointing new product. Apple's phone and Google's Android squeezed the market share of Blackberry smart phone. The newly launched table PC was also not satisfying with simple functions but high selling price. Blackber ry should not only depend on its good reputation in E-mail recessing system, but focus more on user's entertainment experience like fancy interface and programs.Besides, Blackberry is the only one who ignores the prospect in China. To recover from declining tendency, a competitive product is required to open its Chinese market. The negative ROE and low inventory turnover ratio indicates that MONIKA is losing money . The reason is that the product of Monika is not as popular as that of other leading companies like Apple and considered to be lack of innovation, and its Simian operating system (until 2013) is not advocated by developers. So Monika should increase funding for research and develop products that appeal the consumers.Given that the mobile phone business of Monika was acquired by Microsoft on April 5th, 2014 (the acquisition was started on September 3rd, 2013), Microsoft should learn a lesson from the failure of Monika. ETC has been struggling in China due to price competit ion and limited distribution. Many people think the wrong high-end market strategy got ETC into trouble. To get out of woods, ETC may need to forget its strategy on high-end market and consider a partnership (merger) with another smart phone company that could provide synergy.Chinese smart phone makers sell products domestically because they have weak brand awareness in other regions, but ETC has established solid brand awareness in the United States and Europe, which Chinese handset makers could capitalize on. And ETC could get resources to get through this situation and look for new chances for development. So a merger with Chinese films could be a win-win. 5. Conclusion From the perspective of companies in the smart phone industry: Considering the fast speed of development of Asia-Pacific market, each company should strive to evolve Asia-Pacific market.Moreover, the target market of the company must be effective. As for products, companies should develop the products that satisfy consumers' preference. From the perspective of investors: The smart phone industry has a great development potential, so investors have substantial investment opportunities in this industry. But investors should cautiously determine the invested companies. We recommend selecting invested companies according to their past and future financial performance, the fitness between their products and the preference f the market, the market strategies and so on.